In the context of a fear of spiders, this warped perception doesn\u2019t necessarily interfere with daily living. But for individuals who are afraid of needles, for example, the conviction that needles are larger than they really are could lead people who fear injections to avoid getting the health care they need.<\/p>\n A better understanding of how a phobia affects the perception of feared objects can help clinicians design more effective treatments for people who seek to overcome their fears<\/strong>, according to the researchers.<\/p>\n In this study, participants who feared spiders were asked to undergo five encounters with live spiders \u2013 tarantulas, in fact \u2013 and then provide size estimates of the spiders after those encounters ended. The more afraid the participants said they were of the spiders, the larger they estimated the spiders had been.<\/p>\n \u201cIf one is afraid of spiders, and by virtue of being afraid of spiders one tends to perceive spiders as bigger than they really are, that may feed the fear, foster that fear, and make it difficult to overcome<\/strong>,\u201d said Michael Vasey, professor of psychology at Ohio State University and lead author of the study.<\/p>\n \u201cWhen it comes to phobias, it\u2019s all about avoidance as a primary means of keeping oneself safe. As long as you avoid, you can\u2019t discover that you\u2019re wrong. And you\u2019re stuck<\/strong>. So to the extent that perceiving spiders as bigger than they really are fosters fear and avoidance, it then potentially is part of this cycle that feeds the phobia that leads to its persistence.<\/p>\n \u201cWe\u2019re trying to understand why phobias persist so we can better target treatments to change those reasons they persist.\u201d<\/p>\n The study is published in a recent issue of the Journal of Anxiety Disorders<\/em>.<\/p>\n The researchers recruited 57 people who self-identified as having a spider phobia. Each participant then interacted at specific time points over a period of eight weeks with five different varieties of tarantulas varying in size from about 1 to 6 inches long.<\/p>\n The spiders were contained in an uncovered glass tank. Participants began their encounters 12 feet from the tank and were asked to approach the spider. Once they were standing next to the tank, they were asked to guide the spider around the tank by touching it with an 8-inch probe, and later with a shorter probe.<\/p>\n Throughout these encounters, researchers asked participants to report how afraid they were feeling on a scale of 0-100 according to an index of subjective units of distress. After the encounters, participants completed additional self-report measures of their specific fear of spiders, any panic symptoms they experienced during the encounters with the spiders, and thoughts about fear reduction and future spider encounters.<\/p>\n Finally, the research participants estimated the size of the spiders \u2013 while no longer being able to see them \u2013 by drawing a single line on an index card indicating the length of the spider from the tips of its front legs to the tips of its back legs.<\/p>\n An analysis of the results showed that higher average peak ratings of distress during the spider encounters were associated with estimates that the spiders were larger than they really were<\/strong>. Similar positive associations were seen between over-estimates of spider size and participants\u2019 higher average peak levels of anxiety, higher average numbers of panic symptoms and overall spider fear. These findings have been supported in later studies with broader samples of people with varying levels of fear of spiders.<\/p>\n \u201cIt would appear from that result that fear is driving or altering the perception of the feared object, in this case a spider<\/strong>,\u201d said Vasey, also the director of research for the psychology department\u2019s Anxiety and Stress Disorders Clinic. \u201cWe already knew fear and anxiety alter thoughts about the feared thing<\/strong>. For example, the feared outcome is interpreted as being more likely than it really is. But this study shows that even perception is altered by fear<\/strong>. In this case, the feared spider is seen as being bigger. And that may serve as a maintaining factor for the fear.\u201d<\/p>\n The approach tasks with the spiders are a classic example of exposure therapy, a common treatment for people with phobias. Though this therapy is known to be effective, scientists still do not fully understand why it works. And for some, the effects don\u2019t last \u2013 but it is difficult to predict who will have a relapse of fear, Vasey said.<\/p>\n He and colleagues are studying these biased perceptions as well as attitudes with hopes that the new knowledge will enhance treatment for people with various phobias. The work suggests that fear not only alters one\u2019s perception of the feared thing, but also can influence a person\u2019s automatic attitude toward an object. Those who have developed an automatic negative attitude toward a feared object might have a harder time overcoming their fear.<\/p>\n Though individuals with arachnophobia are unlikely to seek treatment, the use of spiders in this research was a convenient way to study the complex effects of fear on visual perception and how those effects might cause fear to persist, Vasey noted.<\/p>\n \u201cUltimately, we are interested in identifying predictors of relapse so we can better measure when a person is done with treatment,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n This work is supported by the National Institute of Mental Health.<\/p>\n Co-authors include Michael Vilensky, Jacqueline Heath, Casaundra Harbaugh, Adam Buffington and Vasey\u2019s principal collaborator, Russell Fazio, all of Ohio State\u2019s Department of Psychology.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" From the Ohio State University press release: The more afraid a person is of a spider, the bigger that individual perceives the spider to be, new research suggests. In the… Read more »<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[5],"tags":[154,363,22,12],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1527"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1527"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1527\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1528,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1527\/revisions\/1528"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1527"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1527"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1527"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}![\"\"](\"http:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/images\/blogpics\/Fear.jpg\" "\\"fear\\"")
The more afraid a person is of a spider, the bigger that individual perceives the spider to be<\/strong>, new research suggests.<\/p>\n