{"id":34942,"date":"2026-10-15T17:26:44","date_gmt":"2026-10-15T21:26:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/?p=34942"},"modified":"2026-10-15T14:17:50","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T18:17:50","slug":"axolotls-have-a-surprisingly-clever-ability-even-in-complete-darkness","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/2026\/10\/axolotls-have-a-surprisingly-clever-ability-even-in-complete-darkness\/","title":{"rendered":"Axolotls Have a Surprisingly Clever Ability, Even in Complete Darkness"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You might think axolotls don&#8217;t have a lot going on. These strange amphibians seem to spend their days languidly lolling around muddy waters, only stirring when it&#8217;s time for snacks \u2013 simple creatures with simple needs and simple lives.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-1 Purch_Y_C_0_1-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_1\" class=\"ad-slot priad-1 ad-slot--content-1 Purch_Y_C_0_1\">But there may be more going on in their little heads than their serene smiles suggest.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_2-container\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_2\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-2 Purch_Y_C_0_2\">In a unique test of the cognitive abilities of the Mexican axolotl (<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axolotl\">Ambystoma mexicanum<\/a><\/em>), researchers have found that these enigmatic creatures can <strong>accurately assess the sizes of passage openings<\/strong> \u2013 an indicator of basic quantitative reasoning.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-3 Purch_Y_C_0_3-container\">\n<div><\/div>\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_3\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-3 Purch_Y_C_0_3\">But that&#8217;s not all. Somehow, they retain this skill, even when shrouded in darkness.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-4 Purch_Y_C_0_4-container\" data-bordeaux-hook-loaded=\"incr-incontent-rectangle\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_4\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-4 Purch_Y_C_0_4\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"bordeaux-slot_static_4-hook_0\" class=\"bordeaux-slot bordeaux-filled-slot\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n<div id=\"bordeaux-ad-6\" data-google-query-id=\"CKDzxcTOvJcDFRaUjggda0I8Ng\">\n<div id=\"google_ads_iframe_\/10518929,10253458\/tmnp.sciencealert\/nature\/article_hybrid_avoidance\/incr-incontent-rectangle-0_0__container__\">&#8220;It was initially<strong> surprising<\/strong> that they could distinguish between openings in complete darkness,&#8221; animal behaviorists Ox\u00e1na B\u00e1nszegi of the National Autonomous University of Mexico and P\u00e9ter Szenczi of the National Institute of Psychiatry Ram\u00f3n de la Fuente Mu\u00f1iz told ScienceAlert.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-5 Purch_Y_C_0_5-container\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;This shows that vision is not always essential for such tasks, especially when it is limited for taxonomic or environmental reasons.&#8221; Axolotls are something of a rockstar in certain scientific circles, admired and studied for their incredible ability to regenerate lost or damaged body parts \u2013 including entire limbs.By comparison, not much at all is known about what goes on in their frilly little noggins.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-7 Purch_Y_C_0_7-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_7\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-7 Purch_Y_C_0_7\">But there&#8217;s reason to believe that axolotls may have some quite <strong>interesting cognitive abilities<\/strong>. Other amphibians, for example, have shown the ability to discriminate between numerical quantities \u2013 numbers in groups of prey or other members of their own species, for example.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-8 Purch_Y_C_0_8-container\" data-bordeaux-hook-loaded=\"incr-incontent-rectangle\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_8\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-8 Purch_Y_C_0_8\">B\u00e1nszegi, Szenczi, and their colleagues wondered if the same might be true for axolotls.&#8221;<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since it has been documented that some amphibians, such as salamanders, frogs, and even tadpoles, can discriminate among quantities, we expected that axolotls would exhibit similar abilities,&#8221; they said.But there&#8217;s a problem when it comes to axolotls.&#8221;Previous studies with other species have almost all relied on the animals&#8217; vision,&#8221; the researchers explained.&#8221;Those studies were developed for species with relatively good vision that actively search for their food and sometimes encounter situations in which they must choose between prey or social groups.&#8221;<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-13 Purch_Y_C_0_13-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_13\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-13 Purch_Y_C_0_13\">Axolotls, living in their natural habitat in the mud at the bottom of the murky Xochimilco Canals, have very poor eyesight; they rely on other senses to evade predators and ambush prey.So the researchers came up with another way to test quantitative discrimination in axolotls \u2013 doorways.The research involved 24 juvenile axolotls, around seven months old, housed in clean, comfortable tanks.The experiment was incredibly simple. A grey plastic divider with two circular holes was placed in the tank, creating a wall that separated the tank into two chambers.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The axolotl could access the other half of the tank through either hole \u2013 each was large enough to comfortably accommodate passage \u2013 but one was larger than the other.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-17 Purch_Y_C_0_17-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_17\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-17 Purch_Y_C_0_17\">This was because, the researchers said, axolotls need to be able to squeeze through gaps in their natural environment.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-18 Purch_Y_C_0_18-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_18\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-18 Purch_Y_C_0_18\">But they&#8217;re also soft and squishy, so they need to be able to assess the size of the gap to avoid getting stuck or injured. Sure, they can regrow bits, but no one wants to have to regrow a paw when they have a perfectly good one already.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-19 Purch_Y_C_0_19-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_19\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-19 Purch_Y_C_0_19\">Over 18 days, the researchers presented the axolotls with six different doorway combinations, each for three days \u2013 from a small difference between the hole sizes to a larger difference \u2013 and recorded their movements to see which openings they preferred.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-20 Purch_Y_C_0_20-container\">\n<div id=\"bordeaux-slot_static_4-hook_4\" class=\"bordeaux-slot\">They also turned the divider around midway through each three-day test to reverse the positions of the holes, as a control against habit or side preference.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And an<strong> exceptionally clear pattern<\/strong> emerged.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-22 Purch_Y_C_0_22-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_22\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-22 Purch_Y_C_0_22\">Even though both holes were large enough for the axolotl, the animals tended to choose the larger one with greater frequency \u2013 no matter the difference in hole size.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In fact, every single one of the 22 axolotls active enough to be included in the analysis showed a <a class=\"lar_link lar_link_outgoing\" href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencealert.com\/p-value\" target=\"_self\" rel=\"nofollow\" data-linkid=\"73101\" data-postid=\"224117\">statistically significant<\/a> preference for the larger doorway.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;We quickly saw that they preferred larger openings for crossing,&#8221; B\u00e1nszegi and Szenczi said<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;We counted a surprising number of crossings in several individuals. This showed that these animals are not boring at all, and in fact, there is much more to their behavior than we previously thought.&#8221;The openings&#8217; size difference mattered, too.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-27 Purch_Y_C_0_27-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_27\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-27 Purch_Y_C_0_27\">The greater the difference between the two openings, the more strongly the axolotls preferred the larger one.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-28 Purch_Y_C_0_28-container\">\n<div id=\"bordeaux-slot_static_4-hook_6\" class=\"bordeaux-slot\">But when both openings were larger overall, the axolotls&#8217; preference became less pronounced, suggesting their decisions were influenced by more than just the relative sizes of the holes \u2013 although exactly how the animals make these judgments remains unclear.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">The axolotls preferred the larger opening in all six size combinations tested. The graph shows the percentage of crossings made through the larger opening, with the dotted line marking the 50 percent expected by chance. (B\u00e1nszegi et al., <em>Animal Behaviour<\/em>, 2026)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">More intriguingly, perhaps, the preference didn&#8217;t disappear in the dark.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-29 Purch_Y_C_0_29-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_29\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-29 Purch_Y_C_0_29\">Overall, the axolotls were less active at night, making fewer crossings through the divider. But when they did move about at night, their preference for the larger opening was just as strong as it was during the day.Now, it makes sense that an animal with poor vision that lives in muddy waters has other ways of navigating its environment \u2013 but poor vision doesn&#8217;t mean no vision. So how the heck do they manage this trick?<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Axolotls possess a lateral line system that detects water movement and slight pressure changes,&#8221; the researchers explained.<\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It&#8217;s possible that this sensory system helps the axolotls assess the openings without seeing them, although the experiment wasn&#8217;t designed to determine exactly how they do it \u2013 that could be an avenue for future research, B\u00e1nszegi and Szenczi noted.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-33 Purch_Y_C_0_33-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_33\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-33 Purch_Y_C_0_33\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Now, the research doesn&#8217;t demonstrate that axolotls are able to count, or that they have some secret capacity for mathematical reasoning.<\/p>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-34 Purch_Y_C_0_34-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_34\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-34 Purch_Y_C_0_34\">What it does show is that they can discriminate between spatial quantities in a way that is useful for navigating their habitat \u2013 and that understanding their cognitive abilities needs to take into account the way they perceive the world.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"ad-slot--container ad-slot--container-content ad-slot--container-content-35 Purch_Y_C_0_35-container\">\n<div id=\"Purch_Y_C_0_35\" class=\"ad-slot ad-slot--content ad-slot--content-35 Purch_Y_C_0_35\">&#8220;The term &#8216;intelligence&#8217; can be controversial when discussing animal behavior. It should always be evaluated in light of the animal&#8217;s ecological needs. However, our study suggests that there is still much to learn about this species and its behavior,&#8221; B\u00e1nszegi and Szenczi said.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;Understanding its behavior and cognitive abilities could be important for conservation, improving its welfare in captivity, and even supporting research on regeneration.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p class=\"article-citation\">The research has been published in <em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.anbehav.2026.123618\">Animal Behaviour<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on the_content --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on the_content -->","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You might think axolotls don&#8217;t have a lot going on. These strange amphibians seem to spend their days languidly lolling around muddy waters, only stirring when it&#8217;s time for snacks \u2013 simple creatures with simple needs and simple lives. But there may be more going on in their little heads than their serene smiles suggest.&hellip;&nbsp;<!-- AddThis Advanced Settings generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><!-- AddThis Share Buttons generic via filter on get_the_excerpt --><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":34943,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"rop_custom_images_group":[],"rop_custom_messages_group":[],"rop_publish_now":"no","rop_publish_now_accounts":[],"rop_publish_now_history":[],"rop_publish_now_status":"pending","neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":70,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1111,798,6,1197,1074],"tags":[1243,1242,1241,1244,94],"class_list":["post-34942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animals","category-ecology","category-neuroscience","category-sight","category-water","tag-ability","tag-amphibian","tag-axolotl","tag-darkmess","tag-sensory"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34942","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34942"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34942\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34944,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34942\/revisions\/34944"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/34943"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34942"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34942"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/therapytoronto.ca\/news\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34942"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}